This paper develops a New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSDE) Model to study Iran's economy. The Model considers the dependence of Iran's economy to oil exports. Oil sector and oil export revenues have been Modeled as a separate sector and one of the government budget resources, respectively. Like in other New Keynesian (DSGE) Models, firms face nominal rigidities with monopolistically competitive intermediate-good sector. Four shocks (productivity, oil revenues, money growth rate and government expenditure) have been introduced as the sources of volatility. The findings show that business cycle moments generated by the Model and those of actual statistics from the economy are closely related. The Model produces more volatile private investment and less volatile private consumption than non-oil output. Impulse response functions of shocks show that non-oil output increases in response to productivity, oil revenues, money growth rate and government expenditure shocks. Although non-oil output increases in response to government expenditures shocks, crowding- out effect of these expenditures cause output to decrease after some periods.

Knowing type of the effects of economic shocks and uncertainties over economic body is a suitable guide to make proper decisions in the event of economic shocks. Given the importance of the agricultural sector, the present study examines the effects of macroeconomic shocks: (including agricultural productivity, monetary, oil revenues and government spending shocks) on Iran’ agricultural sector. To this end, we construct a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ((DSGE)) Model emphasizing on agricultural sector, considering Iran’ s Economic realities based on data from the period 1991-2013. The results show that a positive productivity shock has a positive effect on agricultural output (2. 06%), employment (0. 23%), capital (1. 46%), real wages (0. 33%) and home consumption goods (1. 33%) and a negative effect on marginal cost, price indexes and imported consumption goods. Positive monetary shock leads to an increase in all agricultural variables except real wages. Following positive oil revenue; output (0. 73%), employment (0. 087%), real wages (0. 68%) and price indexes fall. Increase in government expenditure, capital (0. 28%) and real wages (0. 18%) decrease. The results, show that the effects of agricultural productivity shock are more persistent and desirable when compared to those of other shocks and in magnitude, Generally, the greatest responses are of the shock. On the contrary, positive oil revenue shock has the most negative effects on agricultural sector. Given the negative effects of the oil revenue shock, the government should allocate a share of foreign exchange earnings arising from a positive oil shock to be spent on supporting and strengthening agriculture instead of importing agricultural consumption goods and weakening it.

The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate that non-tradable inflation is more responsive as a result of shocks. Monetary shock has had the greatest impact on non-tradable inflation, while Exchange rate and monetary shock have the greatest impact on tradable inflation in terms of initial effect and durability respectively. Based on the results, policy makers' attention to the components of inflation is suggested when economic decisions are made.

Since the end of the Great Moderation period, there has been an increase in studies proposing alternatives to the current dominant monetary policy regime (inflation targeting). One of these popular alternatives is nominal GDP targeting. The current research empirically investigates the issue of nominal GDP targeting against other monetary policies such as inflation targeting (Taylor's laws) within the framework of a neo-Keynesian Stochastic Dynamic General Equilibrium Model. This Model has been fitted through a combination of calibration and Bayesian estimation of parameters, using data from Iran during the seasonal period of 1370:1-1398:4. Therefore, at first, a new Keynesian ((DSGE)) Model with investment adjustment costs, prices and real wage stickiness, public sector and imperfect competition, along with various shocks is designed and then with using Bayesian methods, we estimated and compared these Models on the data of Iran. The results have shown that first; The impact of monetary policy shocks on the variables used in the Models is in the same direction and the Central Bank of Iran reacts less aggressively to the increase in production and inflation rate than their steady state values. Secondly;The effectiveness of production variables and inflation rate from monetary shocks of nominal GDP targeting law is more than Taylor's law

The Model of household behavior, derived from its utility and preferences, has a prominent role for the community to achieve development and economic growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of household's utility fluctuations, in the form of preferences, money demand and labor supply shocks on Iran's agricultural sector. To do so, based on the theoretical principles of Keynesian school and realities of the Iranian economy, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ((DSGE)) Model emphasizing on agricultural sector was developed. The results of the simulation, using the calibrated and estimated parameters, indicate that a positive preference shock results in a rise in consumption, production, employment and prices indices in the agricultural sector, while investment, exports and the rate of real wage decline. Following a positive demand money shock, except agricultural price index, other variables declined. Positive labor supply shock, increased employment in the agricultural sector, however, the production, investment and exports decreased in the first period. In addition, in response to the shock, agricultural consumption and prices increase while real wages fall. The Comparison of the results show, in total, the effects of preferences and labor supply shocks are more persistent than those of money demand shock. In magnitude, on average, the effects of preferences shock, on agricultural variables, is higher than the effects of the other two shocks.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ((DSGE)) Models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency has been used. Modern financial systems usually include financing from the financial assets market in addition to financing the banking sector. The interaction between the stock market and aggregate activity has received much attention in the past decade. In this regard, traditionally, the stock price usually affects the stock market as the discounted current value of the expected stock profits. In this framework, stock prices are influenced by both production (through profits and dividends) and interest rates (through the rate at which future dividends are discounted). In this study, the capital market shock has an effect on the economy through the channel of consumption expenditures of households and investment expenditures of companies. The direct effects of stock price fluctuations on total spending have made the stock capital market known as a leading indicator in the economy. The obtained results indicated that the reaction of macroeconomic variables to the demand shock was more intense than the shock from the supply side, and only the variables of tax revenues and bank facilities showed a negative reaction to the demand shock in the conditions of the supply shock. Also, the amount of employment has shown a positive reaction in response to the shock on the supply and demand side in the capital market

In many developed countries, the positive features of consumption tax have led to the increasing use of it. In a way, the revenue collected from the consumption tax has replaced the income tax. In this paper, the effects of implementing the policy of increasing the consumption tax rate and decreasing the income tax rate on some macro variables of the Iranian economy were investigated using the (DSGE) Model. The results show the positive effects of this policy on GDP, investment, employment and government budget in the short and medium term. Although consumption is declining in the short term and decreasing compared to before the implementation of the policy, it is rapidly increasing to the previous level and in the medium term to a higher level. In the long run, all variables return to the pre-policy process. Therefore, the implementation of this policy is proposed in line with the principles of resistance economics and in order to improve the performance of the tax system.

The purpose of this research is investigating the reaction function of the monetary policy maker in the framework of Taylor's laws and production targeting during the seasonal the period of 1370:1-1398:4, with using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ((DSGE)) method and Bayesian techniques. Therefore, at first, a new Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ((DSGE)) Model with investment adjustment costs, prices and real wage stickiness, public sector and imperfect competition, along with various shocks is designed and then with using Bayesian methods, we estimate and compare these Models on the data of Iran. The results have shown that first; The impact of monetary policy shocks on the variables used in the Models is in the same direction. Secondly; The effectiveness of production variables and inflation rate from monetary shocks of nominal GDP targeting law is more than Taylor's law and mainly this law is preferred by the data of Iran. Third: With the occurrence of a monetary shock within the framework of the aforementioned rules, the variables of inflation rate and interest rate have decreased simultaneously, which indicates the suitability of the variable of interest rate as a tool for the monetary policy maker. . . .

Banking system, as one of the most important parts of macroeconomy, plays a vital role in General economic Equilibrium and transition of economic shocks in the society. Because of that, it is of sensitive role in national economy. In addition to implementing dictated monetary policies of central banks, they as any economic business, pursue the goal of increasing their profitability. In this study, we use Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ((DSGE)) and take into account five economic sectors, namely households, entrepreneurs, mediator banks, distributors and government, to study the reaction of banks to emergence of monetary shocks. For this purpose, the authors seek to make use of long-term macroeconomic parameters. The results of our Model show that, upon emergence of a positive shock on interest rate, due to the decrease of request for loan and the amount of lent money, the rate of loaning and as a result, the profit of banks is reduced, and in the case of a positive oil shock, the amount of market liquidity increases so the rate of loaning decreases and the scale of investment increases and finally, the households’ willingness to save is reduced. Therefore, the outcome of decrease of lending rate and decrease of deposits leads to a reduction in banks’ profitability.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ((DSGE)) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show that in different scenarios there are signs of Dutch disease as a weakening of the trade sector, the strengthening of the non-trade sector, the increase in prices in the trade sector, the reduction of prices in the commercial sector and the reduction of the real exchange rate. Based on the results, active financial policies are recommended to control exchange rate fluctuations.